{"id":9235,"date":"2025-10-23T11:00:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T11:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/archive\/stbisl-15-2-2023\/sbsbiek7822\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T09:12:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T09:12:23","slug":"sbsbiek7822","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/en\/archive\/stbisl-15-2-2023\/sbsbiek7822\/","title":{"rendered":"Emanuel TOV: Writing an Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. A Modern Approach"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9235\" class=\"elementor elementor-9235\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e8c76a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9e8c76a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4776d2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"4776d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-breadcrumbs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-breadcrumbs__content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/en\/\">Domov<\/a> <span class=\"eael-breadcrumb-separator\">|<\/span> <span class = \"eael-current\">Page<\/span><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d3ea3e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d3ea3e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01d8fe4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"01d8fe4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55c29ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55c29ec\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68ef74a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"68ef74a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/StBiSl-15-02-2023-komplet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/StBiSl-Rocnik-15-cislo-2-2023-rejiwrxh62bhhc1hhlw1lduv6bjtw9d6hm5jyce0z6.png\" title=\"StBiSl, Ro\u010dn\u00edk 15, \u010d\u00edslo 2, 2023\" alt=\"StBiSl, Ro\u010dn\u00edk 15, \u010d\u00edslo 2, 2023\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4a85f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b4a85f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Volume 15, Issue 2, 2023<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6708298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6708298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ISSN 1338-0141 | e-ISSN 2644-4879<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173e773 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"173e773\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/StBiSl-15-02-2023-komplet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">VIEW FULL ISSUE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ffc80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41ffc80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e053e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e053e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ARTICLE<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7da120d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7da120d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebe5ffd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ebe5ffd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Writing an Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. A Modern Approach<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-042bd7f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"042bd7f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c84b3e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c84b3e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Emanuel TOV<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-023e846 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"023e846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0195-5151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/orcid-logo-rejiwqzk6d3tlsnzbs6vhoc75o47y8t942ore8n5xk.png\" title=\"orcid logo\" alt=\"orcid logo\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1de0cf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1de0cf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>volume 15, issue 2, 2023, pages 119-129<\/em><\/p><p><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/archiv\/stbisl-15-2-2023\/sbsbiek7822\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">https:\/\/doi.<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">org\/<span data-sheets-root=\"1\">10.64438\/sbsBIEK7822<\/span><\/span><\/a><br \/><strong>Published online: <\/strong>2023-12-01<br \/><strong>Published in print: <\/strong>2023-12-30<\/p><p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Procedures in textual criticism and approaches to that discipline have changed in the twentyfirst century. Together with a wealth of new data, the preparation of a new version of an Introduction to textual criticism has become imperative. In my new edition, less attention is given to most ancient translations (except for the LXX). Further, the texts can be arranged according to text branches. The \u201crules\u201d for evaluating \u201coriginal\u201d readings, the types of variants, the attempts to reconstruct the early text, and the approach towards the Masoretic Text need to be reassessed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-526b0e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"526b0e4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c40350c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c40350c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae5b052 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ae5b052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keywords:<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df091fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"df091fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-keywords\">\r\n  <div class=\"kw-inline\">Textual criticism, Septuagint, Ancient translations, Masoretic Text, Original\r\nreadings<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n  .article-keywords {\r\n    margin-top: 0.5rem; \/* odstup pod nadpisom *\/\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .kw-inline {\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    line-height: 1.6;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .kw-inline a {\r\n    color: #a73a2d;\r\n    text-decoration: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .kw-inline a:hover {\r\n    text-decoration: underline;\r\n  }\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n  \/\/ z\u00e1klad pre vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie (uprav, ak m\u00e1\u0161 in\u00fd tvar URL)\r\n  var SEARCH_BASE = '\/?s=';\r\n\r\n  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.kw-inline').forEach(function(el){\r\n      var raw = (el.textContent || '').trim();\r\n      if(!raw) return;\r\n\r\n      var terms = raw.split(',').map(function(s){ return s.trim(); }).filter(Boolean);\r\n\r\n      el.textContent = '';\r\n      terms.forEach(function(term, idx){\r\n        var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n        a.href = SEARCH_BASE + encodeURIComponent(term);\r\n        a.textContent = term;\r\n        a.rel = 'nofollow';\r\n        el.appendChild(a);\r\n\r\n        if(idx < terms.length - 1){\r\n          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(', '));\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-644e23b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"644e23b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe8e6b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe8e6b9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ec5a50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1ec5a50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article\"\r\n    data-title=\"Writing an Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. A Modern Approach\"\r\n    data-author=\"Emanuel Tov\"\r\n    data-year=\"2023\"\r\n    data-journal=\"Studia Biblica Slovaca\"\r\n    data-journal-abbrev=\"StBiSl\"\r\n    data-issn=\"1338-0141\"\r\n    data-volume=\"15\"\r\n    data-issue=\"2\" data-pages=\"119-129\"\r\n    data-doi=\"10.64438\/sbsBIEK7822\"\r\n    data-url=\"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/archiv\/stbisl-15-2-2023\/sbsbiek7822\/\">\r\n  <button class=\"cite-button\" style=\"padding: 15px 35px; background: transparent; color: #a73a2d; border: 1px solid #a73a2d; border-radius: 3px; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 14px; text-transform: uppercase; cursor: pointer;\">Citation<\/button>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fd2371 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6fd2371\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/biblica.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/StBiSl-15-02-2023-119-129-TOV.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">DOWNLOAD<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34e666a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"34e666a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7bfbc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f7bfbc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Modal -->\r\n<div id=\"cite-modal\" style=\"display:none; 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